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Ibrahim Shomrani. Show More. Views Total views. Actions Shares. No notes for slide. You will generally move from planning to drafting to revising, but as your ideas develop, you will find yourself circling back and returning to earlier stages. Begin by taking a look at your writing situation. Consider your subject, your purpose, your audience, available sources of information, and any assignment requirements such as genre, length, document design, and deadlines see the checklist on p.

Purpose In many writing situations, part of your challenge will be determining your purpose, or your reason, for writing. The wording of an assignment may suggest its purpose. The checklist on page 5 includes questions that will help you analyze your audience and develop an effective strategy for reaching your readers.

Genre Pay close attention to the genre, or type of writing assigned. Instead of plunging into a first draft, experiment with one or more tech- niques for exploring your subject and discovering your purpose: talking and listening, reading and annotating texts, asking questions, brainstorm- ing, clustering, freewriting, keeping a journal, blogging.

Whatever tech- nique you turn to, the goal is the same: to generate ideas that will lead you to a question, a problem, or a topic that you want to explore further. Talking and listening Because writing is a process of figuring out what you think about a sub- ject, it can be useful to try out your ideas on other people.

Conversation can deepen and refine your ideas even before you begin to draft. By talking and listening to others, you can also discover what they find hackerhandbooks. What questions would you like to explore? How might readers benefit from reading about it? To persuade them? To call them to action?

Some combination of these? How well informed are they about the subject? What possible objections will you need to anticipate and counter? A proposal? An analysis of data? An essay? Direct observation? CMS Chicago? If not, what length seems appropriate, given your subject, purpose, audience, and genre? If so, do you have guidelines or examples to consult? A writing tutor? Your classmates? How much time will you need for the various stages of writing, including proofreading and printing or posting the final draft?

Editor, Author and editor, Translator, Editor and translator, Articles and other short works Article in a journal, a. Print, b. Web, c. Database, Article in a magazine, a. Article in a newspaper, a. Web, Hack The Net. Hendri Dudor. Hackers Survival Guide. Abbie Hoffman. Hacking and Network Defense. Michael T. Raggo — VeriSign. Rubin Heath. Hacking Intranet Websites from the Outside. Jeremiah Grossman and T.

Hacking The Cable Modem. Hacking The Linux. Hacking Exposed Web Applications. Steve Sinchak. Hacking:The Art of Exploitation. Rules for Writers. Rules for Writers Book Review:. A Writer s Reference. A Writer s Reference Book Review:. The Bedford Handbook. The Bedford Handbook Book Review:. Working with Sources. Working with Sources Book Review:. A Hacker Manifesto. A Hacker Manifesto Book Review:.

The Antivirus Hacker s Handbook. Hacking the Hacker. Author : Roger A. Hacking the Hacker Book Review:. Mind Hacking. Mind Hacking Book Review:.

Through the Models of Writing. Author : D. Through the Models of Writing Book Review:. The Best Punctuation Book Period. Coding Freedom. Author : E. No one learns everything about writing in a single course or even two; we all need to consult the rules or seek out advice sometimes.

Having a reliable support system is key. Whatever the assignment, whatever your purpose for writing, Rules for Writers has answers and advice you need for papers and projects in every course. More support for you online If your instructor has assigned this book with LaunchPad Solo for Rules for Writers, use the activation code to access even more support. Visit macmillanhighered. Active verbs Parallel ideas Needed words Mixed constructions Misplaced and dangling modifiers Shifts Emphasis Variety Wordy sentences Appropriate language Exact words Sentence fragments Run-on sentences Subject-verb agreement is or are etc.

Reading and writing critically 66 Reading and writing about multimodal texts 80 Reading and writing arguments 91 Speaking confidently The comma Unnecessary commas The semicolon The colon The apostrophe Quotation marks End punctuation Other punctuation Research 50 Thinking like a researcher; gathering sources 51 Managing information; taking notes responsibly 52 Evaluating sources Supporting a thesis Citing sources; avoiding plagiarism Integrating sources MLA documentation style MLA manuscript format; sample research paper Writing is a process of figuring out what you think, not a matter of recording already developed thoughts.

You will generally move from planning to drafting to revising, but as your ideas develop, you will find yourself circling back and returning to earlier stages. Before composing a first draft, spend some time generating ideas. Mull over your subject while listening to music, taking a walk, or driving to work; or jot down inspirations or explore your questions with a willing listener.

Consider these questions: What do you find puzzling, striking, or interesting about your subject? What would you like to know more about? Be curious and open to new ideas and different points of view.

Begin by taking a look at your writing situation. It is likely that you will make final decisions about all of these matters later in the writing process — after a first draft, for example — but you will become a more effective writer if you think about as many of them as possible in advance. For a quick checklist, see the chart on pages 4—5.

Has the subject or a range of possible subjects been assigned to you, or are you free to choose your own?

What interests you about your subject? What questions would you like to explore? Why is your subject worth writing about? How might readers benefit? Do you need to narrow your subject because of length restrictions, for instance? Why are you writing: To inform readers? To persuade them? To call them to action?

To offer an interpretation of a text? Do you have more than one purpose for writing? Who are your readers? How well informed are they about the subject? What do you want them to learn? How interested and attentive are your readers likely to be? Will they resist any of your ideas? What possible objections will you need to anticipate and counter? What is your relationship to your readers: Student to instructor?

Citizen to citizen? Expert to novice? Employee to supervisor? What genre type of writing does your assignment require: A report? A proposal?